The net/url package is a useful package for dealing with URLs, paths and parameters in Go. You can have parameters encoded in a URL or automatically convert special characters.
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
//set the URL
baseUrl, err := url.Parse("https://www.google.com/search")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
fmt.Printf("URL: %s\n", baseUrl)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.Host)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.Path)
}
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Try it
As you can see url.Parse splits the URL into its components and saves it to a structure.
In addition to the fields above, there are also others (from the documentation):
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type URL struct {
Scheme string
Opaque string // encoded opaque data
User Userinfo // username and password information
Host string // host or host:port
Path string // path (relative paths may omit leading slash)
RawPath string // encoded path hint (see EscapedPath method); added in Go 1.5
ForceQuery bool // append a query ('?') even if RawQuery is empty; added in Go 1.7
RawQuery string // encoded query values, without '?'
Fragment string // fragment for references, without '#'
}
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Working with URLs
Net/url defines a type Values as a key-value pair and offers some methods to work with it.
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
//parameters
p := url.Values{}
p.Add("q", "cat")
p.Add("s", "something else")
fmt.Println(p)
fmt.Println(p.Encode())
//this also works backwards
q, err := url.ParseQuery("q=cat&s=something+else")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
fmt.Println(q)
//delete a key
p.Del("q")
fmt.Println(p)
}
|
Try it
Encode URL paths with special characters
When creating the URL with the parse method, an encoded version of the URL path is also created, so that special characters are not a problem:
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/url"
)
func main() {
//set the URL
baseUrl, err := url.Parse("https://www.google.com/search")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
//path encoding
baseUrl.Path += "/a path with spaces and special chars!ü@"
fmt.Printf("URL: %s\n", baseUrl)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.Host)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.Path)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.EscapedPath())
//lets try this backwards
newUrl, err := url.ParseRequestURI("https://www.google.com/search/a%20path%20with%20spaces%20and%20special%20chars%21%C3%BC@")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
fmt.Println(newUrl.Host)
fmt.Println(newUrl.Path)
fmt.Println(baseUrl.EscapedPath())
}
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The package contains even more practical functionality. You can find the documentary at: https://golang.org/pkg/net/
